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        1 - Formation and Development of 3-6 Year Old Children’s Beliefs about Knowledge and Knowing
        Zahra  Tanha Parvin  Kadivarnha Mohammad Hosein  Abdollahi Jafar  Hasani
        Development of individual beliefs about nature of knowledge and knowing has been one of the important educational research topics in recent decades. The present study aimed to examine belief’s development with regard to the theory of mind at early ages. Hence, a sample More
        Development of individual beliefs about nature of knowledge and knowing has been one of the important educational research topics in recent decades. The present study aimed to examine belief’s development with regard to the theory of mind at early ages. Hence, a sample of 75 children aged 3-6 years were selected from Tehran kindergartens. For each child, two False Belief Tasks and two Personal Epistemology Tasks were used. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between personal epistemology, theory of mind, and age. Results of regression analysis showed that personal epistemology was predictable by age and theory of mind. Accordingly, the older children got higher scores in personal epistemology, and approximately 31% of the variance in personal epistemology was explained by age. Also, children with higher scores in personal epistemology obtained higher scores in theory of mind, and age and theory of mind together explained 32.5% of the variance of personal epistemology. Moreover, the transition to dualism was not observed in the studied sample. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Systematically Reviewing Studies Related to Academic Procrastination to Identify a Model and Theoretical Framework
        mojtaba beyrami parvin kadivar hadi keramati mehdi arabzadeh Javad Kavousian
        Abstract: The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systema More
        Abstract: The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systematic review. By searching in valid data-bases and studies that have dealt with the issue of academic pro-crastination from various aspects in the period of 2001-2021 and based on the PRISMA method, after identifying 1645 ar-ticles and screening 154 articles, among them 43 articles were selected for review.The results showed that predictors and correlators of academic procrastination were classified in five psychological approaches including: personality, contextual-environmental, cogni-tive- neuro-logical, emotional, and motiva-tional-volitional and categorized by internal and external consequences. The results of this classification led to the presentation of a comprehensive theoretical framework entitled the "Pentagon model of academic procrastin-ation" in which the inter-action between approaches and outcomes were emphasised. Based on these results, practical and research suggestions were provided for further research in the field of academic procrastination (passive and active(. Manuscript profile