Effect of Semantic Relevance and Emotional Valence on Associative Word Recognition
Subject Areas :Keywords: semantic relationship, induced emo-tional burden, pairs of words, recognition,
Abstract :
Abstract: The aim of this study was to inves-tigate the effect of semantic relevance and emotional valence on associative word recogni-tion. To do so, single design with a post-test was used. The population consisted of all students in Semnan University in 2013. Participants were 80 undergraduate students (43 males and 37 females) from the two faculties of psychology and education, and engineering of Semnan Univer-sity, who were chosen via conventionce method. By making use of SuperLab software, partici-pants completed a computer test that offered pairs of words and also Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). Analysis of covari-ance of repeated measurements was used. Findings indicated the effect of semantic rele-vance and emotional valence on associative words recognition (F=7/64, P<0/001). Whereas pairs of neutral words with semantic relation were presented, the highest recognition was ob- served, pairs of emotional words with no seman-tic relation brought about lowest recognition rate. The results showed that the semantic rela-tionship between pairs of words, compared to the emotional valence of them (positive or ne-gative), had a greater impact on recognition.
اتکینسون، ریتا. ال؛ اتکینسون، ریچارد. اس؛ اسمیت، ادوارد. اي؛ بم، داریل. ج؛ نولن ـ هوکسما،
سوزان ) .(1387زمینه روان شناسی، )ترجمۀ محمد نقی براهنی و همکاران.( تهران: رشد،
)تاریخ انتشار به زبان اصلی، .(2008زارع، حسین؛ و صالح میرحسینی، وحیده ) .(1391بررسی اثر مداخلهاي تصویرسازي ذهنی
تعاملی و بار هیجانی کلمات بر میزان یـادآوري و بـازشناسی. فصلنامه روانشناسی تـربیتی،
.137-153 ،25
فتـی، لادن؛ بیـرشک، بـهروز؛ عـاطفوحیـد، محمدکاظـم؛ و دابـسون، کیـتاستـفان ).(1383
ساختـارهاي معنـاگذاري/ طـرحوارههـا، حالتهـاي هیـجانی و پـردازش شناختی اطلاعـات
هیجانی: مقایسه دو چارجوب مفهومی. مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، ،3
.312-326
مارنات، گريگراث ) .(1384راهنماي سنجش روانی براي روانشناسان بالینی، مشاوران، و
روانپزشکان. )ترجمه حسن پاشاشریفی، محمدرضا نیکخو(. تهران: سخن. )تاریخ انتشار به
زبان اصلی، .(2003
نهروانیان، پروانه؛ زارع، حسین؛ و مهدویان، علیرضا ) .(1388تأثیر محتواي عاطفی بر حافظه
آشکار و ناآشکار به تفکیک جنسیت. تازههاي علوم شناختی، .37-46 ،3
Adelman, J. S., & Estes, Z. (2013). Emotion and memory: A recognition
advantage for positive and negative words independent of arousal.
Journal of Cognition, 129, 530-535.
Bisby, J. A., & Burgess, N. (2014). Negative affect impairs associative
memory but not item memory. Learning & Memory, 21, 21-27.
Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychology, 6, 129-148.
Buchanan, T. W. (2007). Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychological
Bulletin, 133, 761-779.
Buchanan, T. W., Etzel, J. A., Adolphs, R., & Tranel, D. (2006). The
influence of autonomic arousal and semantic relatedness on memory for
emotional words. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61, 26-33.
Build Psychology Experiments (1991). SuperLab Soft-ware, Cedrus Company: C. A.
Clore, G. L., & Parrott, W. G. (1994). Cognitive feelings and metacognitive
judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 101-115.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework
for memory research. Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
Estes, Z. (2012). Affective orientation influences memory for emotional and
neutral words. American Journal of Psychology, 125, 71-80.Ferre, P., Garcia, T., Fraga, I., Sanchez-Casas, R., & Molero, M. (2010).
Memory for emotional words in bilinguals: Do words have the same
emotional intensity in the first and in the second language? Cognition and
Emotion, 24, 760-785.
Freud, S. (1923). The ego and the id. (Ed: James Strachey), The complete
psychological works (Vol. 19). London: Vintage Publishing.
Goh, W. D., & Ho, W. (2011). Short-term memory for emotional words:
Separating the effects of emotionality and semantic relatednes. In B.
Kokinov., A. Karmiloff-Smith., & N. J. Nersessian (Eds.), European
perspectives on cognitive science,(pp. 954-978). Bulgaria: New Bulgarian
University Press.
Goh, W., & Goh, C. K. (2006). The roles of semantic similarity and
proactive interference in the word length effect. Psychonomic Bulletin
and Review, 13, 978-984.
Hadley, C. B., & MacKay, D. G. (2006). Does emotion help or hinder
immediate memory? Arousal versus priority-binding mechanism. Journal
of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 79-88.
Hawco, C., Armony, J. L., & Lepage, M. (2013). Netural activity related to
self-iniating elabotative semantic encoding in associative memory.
Neuromage, 67, 273-282.
Holmes, D. S. (1974). Investigafions of repression: Differential recall of
material experimentally or naturally associated with ego threat. Psycho
logical Bulletin, 81, 632-53.
Kang, C., Wang, Z., Surina, A., & Lu, W. (2014). Immediate emotion
enhanced memory dependent on arousal and valence: The role of auto
matic and controlled processing. Acta Psychologica, 150, 153-160.
Kensinger, E. A. (2009). Remembering the details: effects of emotion. Emo
tion Review, 1, 133-99.
Madan, C. R., Caplan, J. B., Lau, C. S. M., & Fujiwara, E. (2012). Emotional
arousal does not enhance association-memory. Journal of Memory and
Language, 66, 695-716.
Mandler, G., Pearlstone, Z., & Koopmans, H. (1967). Effects of organization
and semantic similarity on recall and recognition. Journal of Verbal Lear
ning and Verbal Behavior, 8(3), 410-423.Mather, M. (2007). Emotional arousal and memory binding. Perspectives in
Psychological Science, 2, 33-52.
Monnier, C., & Syssau, A. (2008). Semantic contribution to verbal short
term memory: Are pleasant words easier to remember than neutral words
in serial recall and serial recognition? Memory & Cognition, 36, 35-42.
Palfai, T. P., & Salovey, P. (1993). The influence of depressed and elated
mood on deductive and inductive reasoning. Journal of Imagination,
Cognition, and Personality, 13, 57-71.
Poirier, M., & Saint-Aubin, J. (1995). Memory for related and unrelated words:
Further evidence on the influence of semantic factors in imme-diate serial
recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 384-404.
Steinmetz, K. R. M., & Kensinger, E. A. (2009). The effects of valence and
arousal on the neural activity leading to subsequent memory. Psycho
physiology, 46, 1190-119.
Wechsler, D. (1945). A standardized memory scale for clinical use. Journal
of Psychology, 19, 87-95.
Zimmerman, C. A., & Kelley, C. M. (2010). ‘‘I’ll remember this!” Effects of
emotionality on memory predictions versus memory performance. Me
mory And Language, 62, 240-253.