per Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-10132722articleS. Said Pournaghash Tehranispournaghash@yahoo.com1Mehrnoush Hamzehlouiyanmehr@gmail.com2University of Tehran, Tehran, IranUniversity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran<p style="padding-right: 30px; text-align: left;">Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of Buprenorphine and Methadone maintenance therapy (BMT and MMT) on the symptoms of anxiety and depression. To do this, SCL-90-R question-naires were administered to 44 individuals referring to addiction clinics seeking treatment. Our results were obtained at three different stages: at the beginning, 45, and 90 days following treatment. The obtained results revealed that the symptoms of anxiety and depression in both treatment groups decreased over time. Also, there were no significant differences in the symptoms in any of the treatment periods. However, such decrease in the intensity of the symptoms was more rapid in the MMT group. Specifically, the decrease in the intensity of the symptoms of anxiety and depression occurred after 45 days in the Buprenorphine maintenance group while in the MMT group it occurred before the 45-day period. These results are discussed in the context of adherence to treatment programs and underlying biological mechanisms of MMT and BMT.</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48345Keywords MMT BMT Depression symptoms Anxiety symptoms Treatment durationper Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-101322342articlezahra Mokmelizmokmeli@yahoo.com1zahra Yousefizahra@yahoo.com2Maryam Ghouchianimaryam@yahoo.com3Mohammad Bagher Kajbafkajbaf@gmail.com4Abolghasem noorinoori@gmail.com5University of Isfahan, Isfahan.IranUniversity of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Tehran Payamenoor University, Tehran, IranUniversity of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranUniversity of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran<p style="text-align: left;">Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the mental health condition of teachers working in normal and exceptional schools in the province of Isfahan. teachers who were chosen at the elementary, middle school, and high school, and pre- university (college) levels for the normal group, and teachers working at schools for the visually impaired, hearing impaired, and mentally retarded were selected for the exceptional group. The SCL&ndash;90&ndash;R Inventory (Symptoms Check-List) was administered to all participants in order to assess teachers' mental health. Another questionnaire devised by the researcher, was used to record demographic characteristics. The results of analysis of variance showed that there would be a significant difference between the mean scores of normal and exceptional school teachers&rsquo; mental health with a higher intensity of unhealthy symptoms in normal school teachers compared to exceptional school teachers in SCL&ndash;90&ndash;R subtests (p&lt;0.05). Studying the relation of mental health and demographic variables showed that only those exceptional teachers with less job experience had a higher intensity of unhealthy symptoms compared to others (p&lt;0.05). Exceptional school teachers were better off in mental health scores compared to normal school teachers.</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48383Keywords Mental health Normal school teachers Exceptional school teachersper Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-101324358articleMorteza Omidianm.omidian@yazduni.ac.ir1University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran<p style="text-align: left;">Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between identity styles and personality disorders and to determine the role of identity styles in predicting personality disorders. For this purpose, Berzonsky's ISI, and Millon's test were distributed to all 520 freshmen in the Humanities Faculty (excluding the Faculty of Management) at Yazd University. A total number of 332 questionnaires were returned. Results showed that regression coefficients for predicting scores in 9 out of 10 personality disorders were significant. In the group A of personality disorders (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal), multiple coefficients were 0.176, 0.229 and 0.262 respectively (p&lt;0.05). In the group B of personality disorders (Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, and Histrionic) all regression coefficients excep with Histrionic personality disorder, were significant. (0.222, 0.305, 0.363 and 0.168 respectively). In the group C of personality disorders, all coefficients were significant. Coefficients were 0.348 for avoidant, 0.306 for OCD, and 0.439 for dependent. Results are discussed on the basis of Berzonsky's theory on identity styles and other relevant theories and studies.</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48385Keywords Identity styles Personality disordersper Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-101325971articleMahnaz Shahgholianmshahgholian@gmail.com1Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran<p>Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and suicidal ideation while considering the role of depression as a mediator variable. A sample of 200 students from Tarbiat Moallem University completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Suicide Ideation Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data was analyzed using multiple regressions. The results showed that depression was a mediator between alexithymia and suicidal ideation only to an extent. Results also showed that suicidal ideation was directly and significantly correlated with alexithymia.</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48389Keywords Alexithymia Suicidal Ideation Depressionper Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-101327290articleعاصفه احمدیaasefe.ahmadi@gmail.com1Ali Akbar Saifsaif@gmail.com2Farhad Jomehrijomehri@gmail.com3University of Alame Tabatabai, Tehran, Iran<p style="text-align: left;">Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in the behavioral criteria for spouse selection from the evolutionary perspective, and also to evaluate the relationship among behavioral criteria for spouse selection, gender, marital status and field of study. The population of this study consisted of 8487 students studying at some of the faculties of the Tehran University from which a sample of 416 men and women were selected through stratified sampling. The researchers formulated and subsequently administered a questionnaire entitled the &ldquo;Behavioral Criteria for Spouse Selection Questionnaire&rdquo;. Data analysis was carried out by the independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Scheffe post hoc test. Results showed that the most important criteria were expressing affection and boldness for women and men, respectively. With regard to gender and behavioral criteria for spouse selection, expressing affection, attractive appearance, wealth, boldness, and religiousness were higher values for women compared to men. In contrast, a woman who had pride was valued more by men. Regarding marital status, both sexes who were married considered expressing affection as the most important factor, compared to their unwed counterparts. In respect to the field of study and behavioral criteria for spouse selection, students of the Faculty of Humanities valued expressing affection more than the Arts Faculty students. Likewise, the Arts Faculty students valued the same criteria more than the Faculty of Basic Sciences students. Humanities students valued wealth more than art students, and basic sciences students valued the same criteria higher than art students. Humanities students valued religiousness more than engineering students, and humanities students valued the same criteria higher than art students. Findings of this research have confirmed the hypothesis of the evolutionary theory of gender differences in spouse selection.</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48390Keywords Evolutionary psychology Spouse selection Behavioral criteria for spouse selectionper Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-1013291111articlehamidreza Oreyzisahel3362@yahoo.com1Hajar Baratibarati@gmail.com2University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranUniversity of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran<p style="text-align: left;">Abstract: The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and personality characteristics with job structure. 360 personnel of a company were selected through stratified random sampling and divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 180 participants according to their job structure. The first group included jobs that required ingenuity and productive thought (jobs with open structure), while others did not (jobs with closed structure). Participants responded to the Baulfour &amp; Wechsler (1996) Organizational Commitment Scale and Saucier&rsquo;s (1994) Big Five Minimarker Questionnaire. Findings indi-cated that the relationship between identification commitment and affiliation commitment with openness to experience, and exchange commitment with extraversion is different in the two groups.</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48391Keywords Organizational commitment Personality characteristics Job structureper Psychological Researchپژوهش های روانشناختی1019-9616 1019-96162024-10132112126articlemansour soleymanimansoursolymani@yahoo.com1Hassan Gholam Hossein Zadehassan@gmail.com2Roghaye HomayoonpoorHoma@gmail.com3Payame Noor University of khodabandeUniversity of TehranPayame Noor University of khodabande<p style="text-align: left;">Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate happiness and mental health among Payameh Noor University students studying during the academic year of 2008-2009 and to determine the relationship between the two variables. 200 students were recruited (136 females and 64 males) via stratified random sampling. The Oxford Happiness Inventory and General Health Questionnaires were administered. This research was a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study and the results of analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between male and female participants regarding happiness (p&gt;0/01). However, by comparing the subscales, some significant differences between the two groups were found. Results showed that men scored higher than women in subscales of life satisfaction and self-esteem (p&lt;0/01). On the other hand, women were reported to have higher means as far as positive mood and self satisfaction were concerned (p&lt;0/001). There were no significant differences in the mental well-being of men and women (p&lt;0/01). Analysis of mental health revealed that men were in a better condition than women (p&lt;0/001). In addition, analysis of subscales (somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression) indicated better means for men. Also, a significant correlation was found between happiness and mental health (p&lt;0/01).</p>http://psychological-research.com/Article/48392Keywords Happiness Mental health Students